Welcome to JFCY’s Legal Wiki which provides information about the legal rights of children and youth in Ontario. Click here to download this information from our Publications page. Please contact us if you have any questions or trouble finding the information that you seek. You should speak to a lawyer for legal advice since laws often change.
Evidence
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When would I need evidence?
After a negative experience, regardless of what actions you want to take or how you plan to deal with the problem, evidence is essential. For example:
- a broken toilet which the landlord has not fixed
- being verbally or physically abused
- not being paid minimum wage
- being discriminated against
- any type of accident you have been involved with
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Types of Evidence
Various types of evidence exist and can include:
- identifying notes
- pictures and videos
- witnesses and their statements
- medical reports
- police reports
- estimates (e.g. clothing or furniture repair costs)
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Identifying Notes
Right after the incident, write down all the details you can remember, including:
- date and time
- location
- all details of what happened
- witnesses names and contact information
- appearance of the person – height, hair style, weight, markings on their body, etc.
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Witnesses
- Get the name, address, phone number, and email address of anyone who saw the incident.
- Ask any witnesses to write down what they saw right away so they don’t forget the details (make sure they date and sign their notes)
- Make a copy of the witnesses’ notes. Ask the witness to keep one copy, and keep one for you.
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Medical Records
- If injured (even a scrape or bruise), have a doctor examine the injuries
- Tell the doctor what happened (all injuries) and that you need a copy of his or her notes
- Ask the doctor to photocopy the notes taken during the appointment so they can be used in the case
- Keep receipts if medical service was paid for
- If injuries don’t get better or get worse, keep going back to the doctor to document them
-
Pictures and Videos
- It is best to use a camera that puts a date on the images
- It could be a picture or recording of the injury caused to the body or property, or the place where the problem happened
- Take pictures from a few different angles of the area where the problem happened
- Take pictures of all the injuries (it is best if the person taking the pictures can come to court / tribunal)
- Ask any nearby stores or businesses if they have a security camera (do this quickly because some are destroyed within 24 hours). Write a dated, signed letter asking them to save the tapes and explain why. Keep a copy of the letter for your records.
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Youth Criminal Justice
The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) provides unique rights and procedures for young people between the ages of 12 - 17 who are charged with a criminal offence in Canada.
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Education
Going to school is a legal requirement for young people between the ages of 6 and 17. The Education Act gives parents and children specific rights in the publicly funded school system.
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Leaving Home
In Ontario, you can choose where you live when you are 16 years old. The decision to leave is often not easy and can lead to difficulties in getting all your belongings, having enough money to support yourself and attending school.
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Health & Mental Health
Become informed about your legal rights when it comes to decisions about your healthcare and mental healthcare treatment. This includes any procedure carried out or prescribed by a health practitioner to diagnose or treat a physical or mental health condition.
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Discrimination and LGBTQI2S Rights
The Ontario Human Rights Code protects you from discrimination on many grounds and in many social areas. Specific legal concerns raised by youth identifying in LGBTQI2S communities are about GSAs, Trans and Gender Inclusive Spaces and changing their ID.
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Provincial Offences
You can be given a ticket for breaking a provincial law if you are over the age of 16. Some of the common laws that young people are given tickets for is covered in this section.
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Family: Discipline, Children's Aid Societies, Parenting and Contact Orders
In family law, the rights of children are unique. Become informed about going into and being in the care of a Children's Aid Society, when parents can assault you (corporal punishment / spanking exemption to assault), and your right to be heard when your parents are splitting up.
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Immigration & Refugee
JFCY's Childhood Arrivals and Support & Advocacy Program (CASA) provides services to young people who arrived in Canada as children and are living in Ontario without immigration status.
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Homeless Youth Over 18
Street Youth Legal Services (SYLS) is a program that provides information and services for homeless youth between the ages of 16 - 25. These are some of the common issues that the SYLS lawyer is asked about.
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Warrants
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Criminal Court
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Adult Records
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Record Suspensions
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Victims of Crime
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Evidence
Close-
When would I need evidence?
After a negative experience, regardless of what actions you want to take or how you plan to deal with the problem, evidence is essential. For example:
- a broken toilet which the landlord has not fixed
- being verbally or physically abused
- not being paid minimum wage
- being discriminated against
- any type of accident you have been involved with
-
Types of Evidence
Various types of evidence exist and can include:
- identifying notes
- pictures and videos
- witnesses and their statements
- medical reports
- police reports
- estimates (e.g. clothing or furniture repair costs)
-
Identifying Notes
Right after the incident, write down all the details you can remember, including:
- date and time
- location
- all details of what happened
- witnesses names and contact information
- appearance of the person – height, hair style, weight, markings on their body, etc.
-
Witnesses
- Get the name, address, phone number, and email address of anyone who saw the incident.
- Ask any witnesses to write down what they saw right away so they don’t forget the details (make sure they date and sign their notes)
- Make a copy of the witnesses’ notes. Ask the witness to keep one copy, and keep one for you.
-
Medical Records
- If injured (even a scrape or bruise), have a doctor examine the injuries
- Tell the doctor what happened (all injuries) and that you need a copy of his or her notes
- Ask the doctor to photocopy the notes taken during the appointment so they can be used in the case
- Keep receipts if medical service was paid for
- If injuries don’t get better or get worse, keep going back to the doctor to document them
-
Pictures and Videos
- It is best to use a camera that puts a date on the images
- It could be a picture or recording of the injury caused to the body or property, or the place where the problem happened
- Take pictures from a few different angles of the area where the problem happened
- Take pictures of all the injuries (it is best if the person taking the pictures can come to court / tribunal)
- Ask any nearby stores or businesses if they have a security camera (do this quickly because some are destroyed within 24 hours). Write a dated, signed letter asking them to save the tapes and explain why. Keep a copy of the letter for your records.
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Small Claims Court
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Social Assistance
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Mental Health
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Legal Help
Open
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