Welcome to JFCY’s Legal Wiki which provides information about the legal rights of children and youth in Ontario. Click here to download this information from our Publications page. Please contact us if you have any questions or trouble finding the information that you seek. You should speak to a lawyer for legal advice since laws often change.
Some retail stores such as Shoppers Drug Mart and Walmart, send letters to people who have been caught shoplifting in their stores, or to parents of young people who have also been caught. The letters are often signed by a lawyer and demand payment of amounts in the range of $300.00 to $800.00. In most cases, the store has recovered the items stolen and is not claiming the value of what was taken. Instead they are claiming money to cover the cost of detecting shoplifters in their stores.
Lawyers call these “civil recovery demand letters”.
The letter from the store does not create a legal requirement to pay. The store must start a lawsuit in court to force you to pay them. So you can choose to pay the amount or to ignore the letter. Our experience is that it is rare for the lawyer or store to follow up with a lawsuit if someone does not pay. It is your decision whether you feel morally obligated to pay any money to the store without a court order.
Before they let you leave, some store security guards ask you to sign a document saying that you understand you will be getting a letter from them demanding money. You do not have to sign this document. If you do sign the document, you are not required to make the payment claimed.
DO NOT IGNORE: A letter from a Collection Agency or a Statement of Claim. Get advice from a lawyer or legal worker immediately.
You should take these letters seriously because a Collection Agency has the power to affect your credit rating. Our position is that these types of demand letters are not legal and prohibited under the Collection and Debt Settlement Services Act.
You, or your legal representative, should contact the Collection Agency and say that you dispute the debt that they are claiming against you. Once you have done this they must stop contacting you and the store must decide whether or not to start a lawsuit against you. You should also get a copy of your credit report to make sure this does not show up on it.
You can also file a complaint to the Ministry of Government and Consumer Services. In similar circumstances, the Ministry has taken the position that this is an illegal collection activity and gets the Collection Agency to stop. For more information and to file a complaint.
This is a legal document that starts a lawsuit against you. In Ontario Small Claims Court, this is called a “Plaintiff’s Claim”. If you are served with a Statement of Claim you are required to respond with a Defence. If you do nothing, the court can make an order against you for the full amount that the store is claiming.
In Ontario, you can be legally required to pay someone to compensate them if you caused them harm to their person, harm to their belongings, or by trespassing on their property. In most cases of shoplifting the items are recovered and the store has not lost money on those items. The letters claim money for the cost of security, punitive damages (to punish you), and trespass. What happens in court will depend on the situation.
In one case in Ontario (Hudson’s Bay Co. v. White), the court ordered that the person pay for trespass and punitive damages, a total amount of $500.00. However, the person who was ordered to pay the amount never defended the case at the appeal level and was not charged by the police. For example, if you were charged for theft, the court might not order punitive damages or order that you pay a lower amount.
The law is the same for someone under 18.
Under the Parental Responsibility Act parents are legally responsible for harm caused by their children if the parent was negligent in the way they supervised the child or directed their child to cause the harm. It is unlikely that a court would find parents negligent for allowing their teenager to go shopping with friends at the mall.
In one case in Manitoba (DCB v Zellers Inc), the court ordered that Zellers Inc. pay back the money that a parent paid to them in response to the demand letter. The court said that the parent was not required to pay the money and that the store had no right to keep it.
The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) provides unique rights and procedures for young people between the ages of 12 - 17 who are charged with a criminal offence in Canada.
Going to school is a legal requirement for young people between the ages of 6 and 17. The Education Act gives parents and children specific rights in the publicly funded school system.
In Ontario, you can choose where you live when you are 16 years old. The decision to leave is often not easy and can lead to difficulties in getting all your belongings, having enough money to support yourself and attending school.
Become informed about your legal rights when it comes to decisions about your healthcare and mental healthcare treatment. This includes any procedure carried out or prescribed by a health practitioner to diagnose or treat a physical or mental health condition.
The Ontario Human Rights Code protects you from discrimination on many grounds and in many social areas. Specific legal concerns raised by youth identifying in LGBTQI2S communities are about GSAs, Trans and Gender Inclusive Spaces and changing their ID.
You can be given a ticket for breaking a provincial law if you are over the age of 16. Some of the common laws that young people are given tickets for is covered in this section.
Some retail stores such as Shoppers Drug Mart and Walmart, send letters to people who have been caught shoplifting in their stores, or to parents of young people who have also been caught. The letters are often signed by a lawyer and demand payment of amounts in the range of $300.00 to $800.00. In most cases, the store has recovered the items stolen and is not claiming the value of what was taken. Instead they are claiming money to cover the cost of detecting shoplifters in their stores.
Lawyers call these “civil recovery demand letters”.
The letter from the store does not create a legal requirement to pay. The store must start a lawsuit in court to force you to pay them. So you can choose to pay the amount or to ignore the letter. Our experience is that it is rare for the lawyer or store to follow up with a lawsuit if someone does not pay. It is your decision whether you feel morally obligated to pay any money to the store without a court order.
Before they let you leave, some store security guards ask you to sign a document saying that you understand you will be getting a letter from them demanding money. You do not have to sign this document. If you do sign the document, you are not required to make the payment claimed.
DO NOT IGNORE: A letter from a Collection Agency or a Statement of Claim. Get advice from a lawyer or legal worker immediately.
You should take these letters seriously because a Collection Agency has the power to affect your credit rating. Our position is that these types of demand letters are not legal and prohibited under the Collection and Debt Settlement Services Act.
You, or your legal representative, should contact the Collection Agency and say that you dispute the debt that they are claiming against you. Once you have done this they must stop contacting you and the store must decide whether or not to start a lawsuit against you. You should also get a copy of your credit report to make sure this does not show up on it.
You can also file a complaint to the Ministry of Government and Consumer Services. In similar circumstances, the Ministry has taken the position that this is an illegal collection activity and gets the Collection Agency to stop. For more information and to file a complaint.
This is a legal document that starts a lawsuit against you. In Ontario Small Claims Court, this is called a “Plaintiff’s Claim”. If you are served with a Statement of Claim you are required to respond with a Defence. If you do nothing, the court can make an order against you for the full amount that the store is claiming.
In Ontario, you can be legally required to pay someone to compensate them if you caused them harm to their person, harm to their belongings, or by trespassing on their property. In most cases of shoplifting the items are recovered and the store has not lost money on those items. The letters claim money for the cost of security, punitive damages (to punish you), and trespass. What happens in court will depend on the situation.
In one case in Ontario (Hudson’s Bay Co. v. White), the court ordered that the person pay for trespass and punitive damages, a total amount of $500.00. However, the person who was ordered to pay the amount never defended the case at the appeal level and was not charged by the police. For example, if you were charged for theft, the court might not order punitive damages or order that you pay a lower amount.
The law is the same for someone under 18.
Under the Parental Responsibility Act parents are legally responsible for harm caused by their children if the parent was negligent in the way they supervised the child or directed their child to cause the harm. It is unlikely that a court would find parents negligent for allowing their teenager to go shopping with friends at the mall.
In one case in Manitoba (DCB v Zellers Inc), the court ordered that Zellers Inc. pay back the money that a parent paid to them in response to the demand letter. The court said that the parent was not required to pay the money and that the store had no right to keep it.
In family law, the rights of children are unique. Become informed about going into and being in the care of a Children's Aid Society, when parents can assault you (corporal punishment / spanking exemption to assault), and your right to be heard when your parents are splitting up.
JFCY's Childhood Arrivals and Support & Advocacy Program (CASA) provides services to young people who arrived in Canada as children and are living in Ontario without immigration status.
Street Youth Legal Services (SYLS) is a program that provides information and services for homeless youth between the ages of 16 - 25. These are some of the common issues that the SYLS lawyer is asked about.
