Welcome to JFCY’s Legal Wiki which provides information about the legal rights of children and youth in Ontario. Click here to download this information from our Publications page. Please contact us if you have any questions or trouble finding the information that you seek. You should speak to a lawyer for legal advice since laws often change.
A police officer or other authorized official can give you a ticket if they think that you have broken a provincial law or municipal bylaw. These are non-criminal charges for breaking laws such as:
If you are over the age of 16, you are considered an ‘adult’ for the purposes of dealing with your ticket.
If you are between the ages of 12 and 16, then you are considered a young person. There are some extra procedures that must be followed when a ticket is issued against a young person, such as notifying their parents in some circumstances. Police usually issue these tickets, but they can also be issued by Toronto Transit Commission Special Constables, members of the Toronto Fire Department, and other agencies.
If you get a ticket stating that you must pay a fine, you have 3 options (which are listed on the back of your ticket). You must choose one of these options within 15 days (otherwise you are not disputing the charges and you will be convicted):
1. Plead guilty and pay the fine: you can do this by mailing it to the address on the ticket or by going to the provincial court in person. You must pay the “total payment” in full. If you need more time to pay the fine, you can go to the court office listed on the back of your ticket, at the time specified on the back of your ticket, and ask the court to give you an extension of time for payment. Paying a fine means that you are pleading guilty.
2. Plead Not Guilty: if you are pleading not guilty, you will schedule a trial. You or your “agent” (e.g. caseworker or lawyer) must go to the office listed, at the time or times listed, on the back of your ticket and fill out a Notice of Intention to Appear. The court will send you a notice by mail giving you a date when you should come back to court for your trial.
3. Plead guilty with an explanation: there are two ways you can plead guilty with an explanation. You can i) request a meeting with a prosecutor by indicating that request on the back of your ticket and delivering the ticket to the court office specified on it within 15 days of receiving the ticket, or ii) you can attend at the time and place specified on the ticket and tell them you are pleading guilty with an explanation. Both options allow you to tell your side of the story and have the fine reduced (sometimes to zero). For example, if you jumped a TTC turnstile because you had no money for fare, you can explain this.
You can also provide evidence that you cannot pay the fine. Take any evidence that will support this. If you live in a shelter, get a letter from the shelter stating how much Personal Needs Allowance (PNA, if any) you get. If you are on welfare, take your most recent stubs. If you are employed, take your most recent pay stubs. If you do not have any documents, it is still important to tell the official your story and to let them know that you are unable to pay. Sometimes the court will reduce the fine significantly or set up a payment plan.
If you don’t choose option 2 or 3 within 15 days and you don’t pay the fine, the court will find you guilty and order you to pay the fine. Any unpaid fines will result in several penalties, including that you will may unable to get or renew a driver’s license until the fine is paid.
However, even if you have defaulted payment, the justice can grant an extension of time to pay the fine, set a fine payment schedule or, in exceptional cases, reduce the amount of the fine or order that the fine doesn’t need to be paid. A warrant for your arrest may be issued if you have been repeatedly warned to pay fines. This warrant will require you to be brought before the court and, if you are over the age of 16, may result in imprisonment.
In some circumstances, a police officer may give you a summons to appear in court instead of a ticket. They are usually issued by police but they can also, in certain circumstances, be issued by TTC Special Constables, members of the fire department and other agencies.
A summons is a legal document that requires you to appear before a court on a certain date. When you first go to court, you should ask the prosecutor for disclosure. If you don’t show up on your court date, a justice of the peace may issue a warrant for your arrest. If you are over 16, the court may convict you in your absence.
If arrested, you should immediately ask to speak to a lawyer or duty counsel. You should not make any statement before you have had the opportunity to speak with a lawyer. Your rights when placed under arrest will depend on what you are being arrested for, and whether you have been arrested by the police or by a civilian.
Fair Change Community Services provides assistance in determining what tickets are registered against a person and information on how to fight or appeal tickets. Contact information is available on their website. Drop-ins are held at the Fred Victor Centre on Fridays 12-4pm, 145 Queen Street East (east of Jarvis).
You can also contact the Street Youth Legal Services lawyer for advice, brief services, and representation on provincial offence or bylaw infraction trials and appeals.
Your local Provincial Offences Office is your first stop for pleading guilty with an explanation or scheduling a trial. In Toronto: 137 Edward Street, 2nd Floor, 416-338-7320 (press 3).
The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) provides unique rights and procedures for young people between the ages of 12 - 17 who are charged with a criminal offence in Canada.
Going to school is a legal requirement for young people between the ages of 6 and 17. The Education Act gives parents and children specific rights in the publicly funded school system.
In Ontario, you can choose where you live when you are 16 years old. The decision to leave is often not easy and can lead to difficulties in getting all your belongings, having enough money to support yourself and attending school.
Become informed about your legal rights when it comes to decisions about your healthcare and mental healthcare treatment. This includes any procedure carried out or prescribed by a health practitioner to diagnose or treat a physical or mental health condition.
The Ontario Human Rights Code protects you from discrimination on many grounds and in many social areas. Specific legal concerns raised by youth identifying in LGBTQI2S communities are about GSAs, Trans and Gender Inclusive Spaces and changing their ID.
You can be given a ticket for breaking a provincial law if you are over the age of 16. Some of the common laws that young people are given tickets for is covered in this section.
A police officer or other authorized official can give you a ticket if they think that you have broken a provincial law or municipal bylaw. These are non-criminal charges for breaking laws such as:
If you are over the age of 16, you are considered an ‘adult’ for the purposes of dealing with your ticket.
If you are between the ages of 12 and 16, then you are considered a young person. There are some extra procedures that must be followed when a ticket is issued against a young person, such as notifying their parents in some circumstances. Police usually issue these tickets, but they can also be issued by Toronto Transit Commission Special Constables, members of the Toronto Fire Department, and other agencies.
If you get a ticket stating that you must pay a fine, you have 3 options (which are listed on the back of your ticket). You must choose one of these options within 15 days (otherwise you are not disputing the charges and you will be convicted):
1. Plead guilty and pay the fine: you can do this by mailing it to the address on the ticket or by going to the provincial court in person. You must pay the “total payment” in full. If you need more time to pay the fine, you can go to the court office listed on the back of your ticket, at the time specified on the back of your ticket, and ask the court to give you an extension of time for payment. Paying a fine means that you are pleading guilty.
2. Plead Not Guilty: if you are pleading not guilty, you will schedule a trial. You or your “agent” (e.g. caseworker or lawyer) must go to the office listed, at the time or times listed, on the back of your ticket and fill out a Notice of Intention to Appear. The court will send you a notice by mail giving you a date when you should come back to court for your trial.
3. Plead guilty with an explanation: there are two ways you can plead guilty with an explanation. You can i) request a meeting with a prosecutor by indicating that request on the back of your ticket and delivering the ticket to the court office specified on it within 15 days of receiving the ticket, or ii) you can attend at the time and place specified on the ticket and tell them you are pleading guilty with an explanation. Both options allow you to tell your side of the story and have the fine reduced (sometimes to zero). For example, if you jumped a TTC turnstile because you had no money for fare, you can explain this.
You can also provide evidence that you cannot pay the fine. Take any evidence that will support this. If you live in a shelter, get a letter from the shelter stating how much Personal Needs Allowance (PNA, if any) you get. If you are on welfare, take your most recent stubs. If you are employed, take your most recent pay stubs. If you do not have any documents, it is still important to tell the official your story and to let them know that you are unable to pay. Sometimes the court will reduce the fine significantly or set up a payment plan.
If you don’t choose option 2 or 3 within 15 days and you don’t pay the fine, the court will find you guilty and order you to pay the fine. Any unpaid fines will result in several penalties, including that you will may unable to get or renew a driver’s license until the fine is paid.
However, even if you have defaulted payment, the justice can grant an extension of time to pay the fine, set a fine payment schedule or, in exceptional cases, reduce the amount of the fine or order that the fine doesn’t need to be paid. A warrant for your arrest may be issued if you have been repeatedly warned to pay fines. This warrant will require you to be brought before the court and, if you are over the age of 16, may result in imprisonment.
In some circumstances, a police officer may give you a summons to appear in court instead of a ticket. They are usually issued by police but they can also, in certain circumstances, be issued by TTC Special Constables, members of the fire department and other agencies.
A summons is a legal document that requires you to appear before a court on a certain date. When you first go to court, you should ask the prosecutor for disclosure. If you don’t show up on your court date, a justice of the peace may issue a warrant for your arrest. If you are over 16, the court may convict you in your absence.
If arrested, you should immediately ask to speak to a lawyer or duty counsel. You should not make any statement before you have had the opportunity to speak with a lawyer. Your rights when placed under arrest will depend on what you are being arrested for, and whether you have been arrested by the police or by a civilian.
Fair Change Community Services provides assistance in determining what tickets are registered against a person and information on how to fight or appeal tickets. Contact information is available on their website. Drop-ins are held at the Fred Victor Centre on Fridays 12-4pm, 145 Queen Street East (east of Jarvis).
You can also contact the Street Youth Legal Services lawyer for advice, brief services, and representation on provincial offence or bylaw infraction trials and appeals.
Your local Provincial Offences Office is your first stop for pleading guilty with an explanation or scheduling a trial. In Toronto: 137 Edward Street, 2nd Floor, 416-338-7320 (press 3).
In family law, the rights of children are unique. Become informed about going into and being in the care of a Children's Aid Society, when parents can assault you (corporal punishment / spanking exemption to assault), and your right to be heard when your parents are splitting up.
JFCY's Childhood Arrivals and Support & Advocacy Program (CASA) provides services to young people who arrived in Canada as children and are living in Ontario without immigration status.
Street Youth Legal Services (SYLS) is a program that provides information and services for homeless youth between the ages of 16 - 25. These are some of the common issues that the SYLS lawyer is asked about.
