JFCY was a public interest applicant to a court challenge to the 2012 cuts in Refugee Healthcare by the Government of Canada. The other public interest applicants were the Canadian Doctors for Refugee Care, The Canada Refugee Lawyers Association and there were two individually affected applicants.
Summary prepared by the Federal Court of Canada:
This proceeding concerns an application for judicial review of the federal government’s decision to significantly reduce, and in some cases eliminate, the health care coverage available to many refugee claimants and other individuals who came to Canada seeking its protection.
The Applicants assert that the 2012 modifications to the Interim Federal Health Program [IFHP] are unlawful as the Orders in Council are beyond the powers of the executive branch. They also say that prior consultations and past practice created a legitimate expectation on the part of stakeholders that substantive changes would not be made to the IFHP without prior notice and consultation with interested parties. According to the Applicants, the Government breached its duty of procedural fairness by making radical changes to the IFHP without any advance notice or consultation. The Applicants further submit that the 2012 changes to the IFHP breach Canada’s obligations under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In addition, the Applicants say, the changes violate sections 7, 12 and 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in a manner that cannot be saved under section 1.
Upon review, the Court has concluded that the Orders in Council are not beyond the powers of the executive branch, nor has there been a denial of procedural fairness in this case. The Court has also concluded that the Applicants’ section 7 Charter claim cannot succeed as what they seek is to impose a positive obligation on the Government of Canada to fund health care for individuals seeking the protection of Canada. The current state of the law in Canada is that section 7’s guarantees to life, liberty and security of the person do not include a positive right to state funding for health care.
The Court has, however, concluded that the affected individuals are being subjected to “treatment” as contemplated by section 12 of the Charter, and that this treatment is “cruel and unusual”. This is particularly, but not exclusively, so as it affects children who have been brought to this country by their parents. The 2012 modifications to the IFHP potentially jeopardize the health, and indeed the very lives, of these innocent and vulnerable children in a manner that shocks the conscience and outrages Canadian standards of decency. The Court finds, therefore, that they violate section 12 of the Charter.
The Court has also concluded that the IFHP violates section 15 of the Charter inasmuch as it provides a lesser level of health insurance coverage to refugee claimants from “Designated Country of Origin” [DCO] countries in comparison to that provided to refugee claimants from non-DCO countries. This distinction is based upon the national origin of the refugee claimants, and does not form part of an ameliorative program.
The Court has not, however, concluded that the IFHP violates subsection 15(1) of the Charter based upon the immigration status of those seeking the protection of Canada, as “immigration status” cannot be considered to be an analogous ground for the purposes of section 15. Consequently, this aspect of the Applicants’ section 15 claim is dismissed.
Finally, the Respondents have not demonstrated that the 2012 changes to the IFHP are justified under section 1 of the Charter. Consequently, the Applicants’ application is granted.
— end of Federal Court summary —
Individual applicants, CDRC and CARL factum
In late September 2014, the government appealed this decision to the Federal Court of Appeal and the hearing was scheduled for Oct 2015. However, following the 2015 election, the appeal was withdrawn by the newly elected government.
